{"id":25632,"date":"2023-08-29T19:24:36","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T16:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klona.ua\/blog\/uncategorized\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design"},"modified":"2023-09-20T13:58:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T10:58:13","slug":"cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design","title":{"rendered":"Cyber \u200b\u200bprosthesis interacting with the body through a neural interface: industrial design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/KIe-3BVCfwlqt4h0VWrrdh0hxaRWr_YLlb5_BcMvfgJPYLwPcFC2OPIvDXiFYc7315vcdMo7kikicWfZPLOwtp5Nkm7kOeZLaUiUd-ey1ruVxT8G718xZ-tRFsfsNlNOwSO8YSLlC3ZZQHAv8lJOuA\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>A cyber prosthesis is <strong>a functioning<\/strong> limb that <strong>interacts<\/strong> with the body. Cyborg people <strong>control<\/strong> the prosthesis with the power of thought, through <strong>the neural interface<\/strong> , using <strong>nerve<\/strong> impulses and muscles. Such gadgets are created at the intersection <strong>of neurophysiology<\/strong> , medicine, <strong>robotics<\/strong> and <strong>programming<\/strong> . The cybernetic prosthesis is responsive thanks to muscle impulse <strong>sensors<\/strong> and <strong>artificial intelligence<\/strong> that adapts the limb to movements in typical situations. <strong>The electrodes<\/strong> read electrical signals from the brain, which are then converted into commands.<\/p>\n\n<p>In the industrial design studio <strong>KLONA<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/uslugi_cat\/hardware-robotics-development\"><strong> <\/strong>they will develop<\/a> a cyber prosthesis, <strong>the movements<\/strong> of which <strong>are natural<\/strong> , while it is easy <strong>to control<\/strong> such a gadget. By what means can this be achieved?<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/oF2X89lxqeAGV6KRgy0cHarMA74NnydRaOQKHQ0NYJeAcbsUYbWcoVEymSrzJaTgTm4BCG0vA0A5zBLZDD1xOshjNEGf-FBNSUM2uUlB6ruJOV0gT1q91fOy2VYf82H16N_giIEr_Q0Rg1mBp8MnGQ\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand with neural interface\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Content<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81-%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2\" data-level=\"2\">Neural interface for cyber prostheses<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B0-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B-%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC-3-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0\" data-level=\"3\">How to measure brain signals to control a cyber prosthesis: 3 methods<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9\" data-level=\"4\">non-invasive<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9\" data-level=\"4\">semi-invasive<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9\" data-level=\"4\">invasive<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0\" data-level=\"3\">How the neural interface of a cyberprosthesis works<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2\" data-level=\"3\">Design of neural interfaces<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7\" data-level=\"2\">How does a cyber prosthesis work?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0\" data-level=\"2\">Development of the cyber prosthesis design concept<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%8E%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8B-5-%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9\" data-level=\"3\">What cyber prostheses can do: 5 advanced features<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8\" data-level=\"3\">Cyberprosthetic hand<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D1%81-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC\" data-level=\"4\">Life with a cyber prosthesis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7\" data-level=\"4\">First cyber prosthesis<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2\" data-level=\"4\">Unusual models of cyber prostheses<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8\" data-level=\"3\">Cyberprosthetic leg<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BC\" data-level=\"2\">Let&#8217;s summarize<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x439;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x444;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;-&#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;\"><strong>Neural interface<\/strong> <strong>for<\/strong> <strong>cyber prostheses<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/3lYBkTRxVUpp4wI4Zowe9XwlzgG7oDkhX56MSfd0uf3DCJ2keNrTrT2SVl0AZEuQBEkwDVsT6RMdr5WsjfHudvjcAZqW5MeEZYqveSr2DEVkkdUZjzI6gCYQ9iB6slWOs40bNyGasLKcYlKlP7AljA\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand with neural interface\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Invasive Bionic Prosthetic System<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Cyber \u200b\u200bprostheses use human neurophysical anatomy, and <strong>sensors-chips<\/strong> are implanted to create <strong>a complete<\/strong> organism.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/UoKlEGh0HqCqk4Iu4pjObLjcpmfnRPoEcmjJFoBazRgputdsHlzpC8O7CjYbzEjZUtk-K6wc4gEhvNLFXd9n3r2TVWgId4vQDorTDwPlIBnb3BcTjjwtzmNZIl2v28DN1niWvqtLYLCyV7qxuceojg\" alt=\"Brain implant for a cyberprosthetic arm with a neural interface\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Brain implant to control cyber prosthesis<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>A neural interface<\/strong> is a technology for <strong>exchanging<\/strong> information between <strong>the brain<\/strong> and <strong>a computer<\/strong> based on the registration of brain <strong>biopotentials<\/strong> . A <strong>unidirectional<\/strong> neural interface either receives signals from the brain or sends them, while <strong>a bidirectional one<\/strong> does it <strong>simultaneously<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Human Cyborg | Documentary | Transhumanism | Neuroscience\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OYLXH_IKu1M?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>cyborg man<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>The neural interface<\/strong> allows a person <strong>to interact<\/strong> with the outside world based on the registration of the electrical activity of the brain &#8211; an electroencephalogram ( <strong>EEG<\/strong> ). Brain impulses are converted into <strong>a signal<\/strong> understandable to a computer.  <\/p>\n\n<p>In cyber prostheses, automation based on <strong>electronics<\/strong> and <strong>calculations<\/strong> is corrected <strong>by impulses<\/strong> coming from <strong>the brain<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A;-&#x438;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44C;-&#x441;&#x438;&#x433;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44B;-&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x433;&#x430;-&#x447;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;-&#x443;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x442;&#x44C;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x43C;-3-&#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;\"><strong>How to measure brain signals to control a cyber prosthesis<\/strong> : <strong>3 methods<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Consider the methods of registration and decoding of electrical signals.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x432;&#x430;&#x437;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439;\"><strong>non-invasive<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p><strong>The sensors<\/strong> are placed on the head. They measure the electrical <strong>potentials<\/strong> created by the <strong>brain<\/strong> and the magnetic <strong>field<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/WfL8M3xW__Tvw1UypyzqcZURZUoIExa9eXoZZipSmWWvA_Io8iCm-iLoWfD5MrKrVWl2vkNHgnyRWuSLkFqi_B3izn7tygTdcxBRUlThbLvTBYCWQNXp5AWzt8aOSRdzmSiwKxm389SeJ1Arw35AEg\" alt=\"EEG patch for measuring brain activity\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>EEG patch for measuring brain activity<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>The sensors<\/strong> are connected to <strong>a processor<\/strong> device that <strong>deciphers<\/strong> the biopotentials and then transmits <strong>commands<\/strong> to the actuators.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/VXhEXUkxjj5A6dAxz1pMEYNLJHoOSUBIPgrdPsXFgA5s9uMPHtuJY989jvPcRuo0VBGHdPJshxZae2vIUucG0lR9IACvZhhQ7F4IijcNo3Ha8zdaOsj8ZwgpEpyRsFVNtFIr4HVK95LTEVUKLG37Cg\" alt=\"Headset EEG\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Headset EEG<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Plus:<em> <\/em><strong>an electroencephalogram<\/strong> is taken directly from <strong>the surface<\/strong> of the head, without pain. It&#8217;s practical and cheap.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/8qhZFTzY10n0LS1IWR3oD2_rK1PAedAfdZkT9VijED_icqSbGxvQUXjEmKor2Vc5t8NsYhTaB2hDUYqYCA84Udm0Q7oQHcx2nJEjeu6FQTNrfWZhSkxHojAxHl-ud2fFvSsrMUqx9U6PGmcU6xRS6g\" alt=\"Brain-computer interface (BCI)\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Brain-computer interface (BCI)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Minus the non-invasive method: the signal will <strong>reflect<\/strong> the activity <strong>of many<\/strong> nerve cells. Decryption will not provide <strong>information<\/strong> that allows you to fine-tune <strong>control<\/strong> of the cyberprosthesis.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x432;&#x430;&#x437;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439;\"><strong>semi-invasive<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p><strong>The electrodes<\/strong> are placed on <strong>the surface<\/strong> of the brain, which is open.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/I5y86h1BAJyQeut7DXQBFFLMVENa8c1wQ2XnhE9v0Ge7j8vsbdkhmi9ALPXuRlLU_-rX4-z2_jLOA1zU5uuFxq7Pk8e9a75jda0u3yWDcUjueQ_oZnMMulw52Vm-qAJGF3UuewH02tkVyLrnJgL54A\" alt=\"neural implant  \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Soft neural implant lets scientists manipulate brain cells with smartphone<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Minus the semi-invasive method: a neurosurgical <strong>operation<\/strong> is required.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x438;&#x43D;&#x432;&#x430;&#x437;&#x438;&#x432;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439;\"><strong>invasive<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n<p><strong>Microelectrodes<\/strong> are placed <strong>in the cerebral cortex<\/strong> . They record <strong>the activity<\/strong> of one <strong>neuron<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<p>The implanted <strong>electrodes<\/strong> , together with <strong>an algorithm<\/strong> that decodes the activity of neurons, allow you <strong>to control<\/strong> the cyberprosthesis with the power of thought.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/326bq1i3uK0QVIx1-RUH-85fB8vIbWliWJMzR9WGupRoHYMYs6VFWOSoeKW7p81uSHrMJg7YlHrT_NRhEiYvMhJbSK-BEYyl3QPoEtybc1c8-uFqZ9E2PjAZsQ5G8LQbpDQJ2RxW1Aq98wYV1tw_hQ\" alt=\"brain implant\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Brain implant that controls technology<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Elon Musk plans to produce <strong>robotic<\/strong> cyber prostheses, based on the experience of creating <strong>androids<\/strong> and <strong>chips<\/strong> that <strong>are implanted<\/strong> in the brain.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/PxfJ_jcmVSWg5Ne8vulJMbf1EFZ0kb8xnX5zbZE2c4q0XQhQj84sRvO0na8cgZSSOjHYhJP3KqfdfB5W3nmhDu80X9OCscv-hfkfiIwpC86a-ZB3THqZYWAPMqnWFCPf-wv3uChG79_P9nOBFeChjA\" alt=\"Neuralink chip&#10;\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Neuralink chip<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Tiny <strong>processors<\/strong> are connected to the brain through the thinnest <strong>threads<\/strong> . <strong>Sensors<\/strong> will be located on <strong>the surface<\/strong> of the skull and transmit information to <strong>a computer<\/strong> located behind the ear.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"The Truth About Neuralink and Brain Implants!\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EgsqCkT0tvo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The truth about Neuralink and brain implants!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>It is planned that the external <strong>receiver<\/strong> will communicate with the built-in <strong>chip<\/strong> <strong>wirelessly<\/strong> and then connect to <strong>applications<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<p>The main goal of Neuralink is to create <strong>a neural interface<\/strong> without the risk <strong>of rejection<\/strong> by the body, which will <strong>capture<\/strong> brain activity and <strong>process<\/strong> signals. Its <strong>implantation<\/strong> will be simple and <strong>painless<\/strong> , like laser vision correction surgery.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Neuralink Update \u2013 August 2023\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Abj8LJvrl-4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Neuralink Update &#8211; August 2023<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><em>Neuralink:<\/em> <em>Neural Interfaces<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A;-&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442;-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x439;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x444;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;&#x430;\">How the neural interface of a cyberprosthesis works<\/h3>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/UuXd32AJhaep14Mh_PoSJ0KxnpQzNFy02ZVGGtvhvUteOFK7r_-ddP5L4d3NSCzH0jgklQ5NgwDaw4dnI4AcytAQZR0336pOJ-V6HoMnyyOKUsmvuJ9DDP1em0oB9doxn6HPkMnAMYnZ8NN9uDrQqQ\" alt=\"Neurointerface\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Regardless of the location of the electrodes, the mechanism of operation of the <strong><em>brain-computer<\/em><\/strong> <em>interface<\/em> <em>is<\/em> the same:  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>electrodes<\/strong> measure minute <strong>voltage<\/strong> differences between neurons;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the signal <strong>is amplified<\/strong> and filtered;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the amplified and <strong>filtered<\/strong> signal <strong>is interpreted<\/strong> by a computer program.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Thus, a person <strong>interacts<\/strong> with the outside world on the basis of recording the electrical activity of the brain &#8211; an electroencephalogram ( <strong>EEG<\/strong> ). The intention to perform some of the actions <strong>changes the EEG<\/strong> , and <strong>the computer<\/strong> captures and <strong>deciphers<\/strong> the changes.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/vKkPA-9_IKrKszTeNxpYySwUtkV_qWxgrMN8cc9d87lfYRjqG7T-j1SE9oWDpbomjRdkJcruj7KF7pmxxDS6fmaZxHSZxEDimqqZqWRcuCrgxHd3R1R2VrF4_zrugilBawtSrOsbVQu72v53nNDLBA\" alt=\"Wireless EEG system, neural interface  \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>B-Alert X Series Wireless Mobile EEG System<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The simplest desires of a person, for example, <strong>to turn<\/strong> left or right, <strong>move<\/strong> forward or backward, raise or lower the hand, <strong>are converted<\/strong> into <strong>signals<\/strong> that switch <strong>the modes<\/strong> of activity of the cyberprosthesis. A person <strong>regulates<\/strong> them on the go, <strong>with mental<\/strong> commands, <strong>without<\/strong> additional control <strong>panels<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x439;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x444;&#x435;&#x439;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x432;\">Design of neural interfaces<\/h3>\n\n<p>The process involves <strong>programming<\/strong> and <strong>configuring<\/strong> the devices that <strong>control<\/strong> the prostheses <strong>by interpreting<\/strong> the electrical <strong>signals<\/strong> from biological neurons.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/EvwwpZQVb35ADw5NDv4omtMmkHLqsA5XySO3UsyI8HG92WCa2q4Km49Hm4JZoWtET40HYNVYET42zFfT1aTh1ItEk5GMVpeqXyYx3ACw4Jf4JRdjwx-4RFsNHTIczkx2UfPt1q-mSLFAurmjeG7c6A\" alt=\"Electroencephalography (EEG) device\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>A wearable electroencephalography (EEG) device that can measure brain activity<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>How is it implemented? First, a person <strong>mentally<\/strong> reproduces <strong>movements<\/strong> several times, and the brain reacts to them with electrical <strong>activity<\/strong> . <strong>Algorithmic<\/strong> systems capable of pattern <strong>recognition<\/strong> <strong>map<\/strong> these intentions to EEG changes and then <strong>store<\/strong> them.<\/p>\n\n<p>The development takes into account <strong>the physiology<\/strong> and psychology of a particular user. When a person wants <strong>to change<\/strong> the mode of movement, <strong>the algorithms<\/strong> will determine the signs of intention, and then issue <strong>commands<\/strong> to switch <strong>the automation<\/strong> of the prosthesis to the desired <strong>mode<\/strong> . This is how the artificial limb <strong>adapts<\/strong> to movements in typical situations.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A;-&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x430;&#x435;&#x442;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;\">How does a cyber prosthesis work?<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/A9q-EGUG-0-7w6sS9DFdeZ0VGpPAVpGY-Ue76S19aG9XspyyxlHuGWRdkt0gP7RX3elWg7G4rHKglsPDHSuX2q83asEsZ6fpWpCF1T9_bU2sBVYuf6g4smNo-tdvfn40TECCOsRufEs2m8XbTmdcMw\" alt=\"Cyber &#x200B;&#x200B;limb prostheses\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>The transformed limbs <strong>of the cyborg<\/strong> give him limitless <strong>potential<\/strong> in life and combat. <strong>The actions<\/strong> of such a gadget are completely automated. The owner of the prosthesis only needs <strong>to think<\/strong> about some movement, for example, <strong>raising<\/strong> a glass, and the bionic hand will obediently <strong>complete<\/strong> the task.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/HbzD3JWKMF4giPZhN2nad_iyQz5VC7PdhFxQFiJWk-sWdqdKDrl9ddsNiciJQaOM3uVZivyK_PkpI5SWmh3ifZuX6nsNmCr3sOnRUPpJbLLVdV1rp3eSepFjRRu4scfqDeG7meACJyvSgiyt48VqAw\" alt=\"Cyber &#x200B;&#x200B;limb prostheses\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Concept of female doctor with cyber prostheses<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The automatic control <strong>mechanism<\/strong> <strong>is built<\/strong> into cybernetic prostheses. In this way, <strong>cyber prostheses<\/strong> differ from <strong>mechanical ones<\/strong> , in which a person moves a limb <strong>with the efforts of<\/strong> the remaining <strong>muscles<\/strong> . When you move your cyber leg while walking, you <strong>do not calculate<\/strong> the angle of knee flexion during the step &#8211; it happens <strong>automatically<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Prosthetics\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hRccxpXK-jA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Prosthetics<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The cyber prosthesis has <strong>motors<\/strong> and <strong>a battery<\/strong> , in fact it is a leg that walks <strong>on its own<\/strong> , or an arm that lifts itself.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/BOYBJvgYDGHYirRd2TvjUYBuOrN7yr8IBSamf0_Lw5-l299z0_tRDDuyjhFMv-6LBNgLj7kEMYha17LSQ0-OnmXGdY5qSNA2NcQme70sV6uc9f80X33L9Q6z7hak-_2NJLbKuIpBk3-FEaWWaQEhTg\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic leg\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Puma football leg<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The prosthesis is <strong>tightly<\/strong> attached to the stump, so when walking, less effort is applied, and the movements become more <strong>natural<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<p>Chip: the pace and width of the step, as well as other movement parameters, <strong>are adjusted<\/strong> for a specific <strong>person<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x440;&#x430;&#x431;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x43A;&#x430;-&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x446;&#x435;&#x43F;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438;-&#x434;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x439;&#x43D;&#x430;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;&#x430;\"><strong>Development of<\/strong> <strong>the cyber prosthesis<\/strong> design concept<\/h2>\n\n<p>A cyber prosthesis is a gadget that compensates <strong>for the weight<\/strong> of a missing limb and helps train <strong>muscles<\/strong> without allowing them <strong>to atrophy<\/strong> . The task of cyberprosthetics is <strong>to replace<\/strong> limbs as naturally as possible.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x447;&#x442;&#x43E;-&#x443;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x44E;&#x442;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;&#x44B;-5-&#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x448;&#x438;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445;-&#x432;&#x43E;&#x437;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x439;\"><strong>What<\/strong> <strong>cyber prostheses<\/strong> can do <strong>: 5 advanced features<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Cyber \u200b\u200bprostheses allow people who have lost limbs to live <strong>a full<\/strong> life. They are <strong>battery<\/strong> powered and have <strong>a board<\/strong> and programmable <strong>drivers<\/strong> inside. The prosthesis expands <strong>the possibilities<\/strong> of a person in the eyes of other people and their own.<\/p>\n\n<p>What are the best models capable of?  <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>1. <strong>Motor<\/strong> function  <\/td><td>Playing complex movements<br\/>Response to nerve <strong>impulses<\/strong><br\/>Development of fine <strong>motor skills<\/strong> <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. <strong>Capacity<\/strong> building<\/td><td>Enhanced <strong>strength<\/strong> and agility<br\/><strong>Capturing<\/strong> objects with different strengths  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. <strong>Realistic<\/strong> appearance<\/td><td><strong>Comfort<\/strong> and confidence  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4. <strong>Feedback<\/strong><\/td><td>A person feels <strong>pressure<\/strong> and <strong>temperature<\/strong> through the limb prosthesis <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5. Integration with the body<\/td><td>Smooth <strong>connection<\/strong> between cyber prosthesis and nervous system<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">5 possibilities of cyber prostheses<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Chip: <strong>different<\/strong> types <strong>of prostheses<\/strong> in one person.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Futuristic<\/strong> option &#8211; in order to attract <strong>attention<\/strong> and emphasize its peculiarity.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/QuQRhwk-of1_T1l9rjg2uC_-gvPdB2S-NG4y_IhJe0ZnFnqTOzfAzh-n8p-5HfnEqcliXqjzKfpCitg0JbX1gVXuSDZyA1QpmYidSwQg-iMft6hJHBS_uoL_NXKkpE31M9795Zc7wSo6dZMXl2jdkQ\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/lCcyexogwH7ez9mNuD3754w53B-eyE48qOop0HnNVni_FVgBJ8n7CZ7EhnwuZhpdpFjsFPXO-R_bq5OLaZnsZsBDEPfr-OTLPeDitvkXf22Wul2N0ktehMevQN5yGtWUWbDoBmIpnkKcoHkoK97t4A\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Cosmetic &#8211; to <strong>rest<\/strong> from attention.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/8mJiPGVIVbaab-RnsztbsxXrlhGDoc78_JqhgoXxTj1MInuppd1HQB9vOufbkh6vSjbG8t4vi2ATe9i7LaPESv7xLtfoLoL0TsacsYWwYpm3llQt00UEbQgNdggK6S3nIs2b2fFlJw8M90eheBtaTw\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/_LuA7GJ9HcTrl6NiaiPUZOF_3verWLABrE4dalShNMUfPmQbYLsFJSNXIs-qWIqJEFf62WEaPZl4yQjMhllfHob4-o-G2XUxwxZdbnBh58Tz50fSziBaMrrsgrl-RGQxvZJZm-Q7vbOSo1uVNgh8fw\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic leg\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;-&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x438;\"><strong>Cyberprosthetic hand<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x436;&#x438;&#x437;&#x43D;&#x44C;-&#x441;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x43C;\">Life with a cyber prosthesis<\/h4>\n\n<p>With the help <strong>of built-in<\/strong> additional gadgets, people <strong>pay for<\/strong> purchases by swiping their hand over the terminal, as well as track <strong>time<\/strong> and activity by looking at <strong>my<\/strong> watch. In addition, hand grip and <strong>grip<\/strong> strength can be <strong>adjusted<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/89pKMlM5k3m8NSNYOnapXniTFagW6UoLlpoX5FNO4umq6xbsE3XP24SZZCqA9wWVIV5CixLtgTABR6k5snaTxE0ntXXVDunGtmItmZPTCeU3ZiRwTAzWqwvakaOzOYea_U8d-xWWbWp_D7pklwXbCA\" alt=\"Cyborg hands, neural interface\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>The design of the cyborg arm emphasizes fine <strong>motor skills<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/9ayEHinfLgw-v3mjROr-1rGsVqHbpKXboLpFxVbWdi-H8EvXc2eblsC6NPb62e4i8qma2XkT-l31wcUtJ-A6VK2STIzT40kSZWhNTgKPesNVYKGpvjkfgFUExmXdU50uv22jbU6OUHPN-rJb6xho5g\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand&#10;\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Users of the best models can:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>thread<\/strong> a needle;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>paint<\/strong> nails;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>write<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ride a <strong>bike<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>work on <strong>machines<\/strong> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x439;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;\">First cyber prosthesis<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/1Rnda4icGqGNaPbnlrasHAOK4TUXT-b5RLgiygb7QIcVGdQNjmkItFpw_tAaFZ7gS5xXqLGeuze5dnDcdWf3aD6JVbFCYjA668I_ZflyK-FY-bDy85_DWj6KJbXFYa4oChA3IWgRqdinzDL5VxK-lw\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand, neurointerface\" width=\"485\" height=\"497\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The first prosthesis that combined mind and mechanics<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en?p=25129\">Bionic prosthetic hand: industrial design for a fulfilling life<\/a><\/p>\n\n<p>Principle of operation: the electrodes <strong>intercept<\/strong> the nerve impulses of the stump, then <strong>transmit<\/strong> them <strong>to the computer<\/strong> , which <strong>is built<\/strong> into the forearm. The computer gives <strong>a command<\/strong> to six motors, and they begin <strong>to move<\/strong> the shoulder, elbow and hand of the device synchronously.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hand <strong>sensors<\/strong> will help the wearer measure <strong>pressure<\/strong> and fine-tune <strong>the grip<\/strong> . Such a prototype is developed for <strong>a specific<\/strong> person.<\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x44B;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435;-&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x438;-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;\">Unusual models of cyber prostheses<\/h4>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/IfgvEi6znsUbOzR2lKftzeXg-RRMYi_tDiw5sbuwfzdMOexRSCYawGqzU0yUD-HMiRWvAWD_sFE7Gw92hYAGxU8_bZ1skYlkoIoZF0z1coHbKdoD26SSv1dYwd70TkbH_qk_Hs3e92foywOoPgFPBg\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cyber \u200b\u200bprosthesis design, Edon Guraziou<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/nNBqJTaq3ZMJullusKKQ-Ahal3lI2OAAvhuczae5_nm1wUKGnscudogSZMVyLd5Kbq6WrFCIqMsmYeM9vZw7EQD7s3nQgWYuQEpBpjaM98MFH0uFPwLxL47xqqFglAmqxHBUslThCc_mhUcgicWH6g\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Body design of a cyberprosthetic hand<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/bbI2qsTe20i2GPpxK4PfyMvrlfrd0qd5q-plMDIO0-gQLAgsHAODeeII6n7kg7oP4jY2fwuqetk5H_B-Yxk27GsHfY9FOatWQgRadazUPbFfp5HC3NipYpjXZzS5cxrhzW4wjplELGHxoWq4fhRNfg\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic arm from the inside&#10;\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Modern robotic arm with electrodes and other devices<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>Motors<\/strong> are built into the artificial hand that control the fingers. Modes of cybernetic hands are switched through <strong>the brain<\/strong> , with the help of <strong>neural interfaces<\/strong> . This is their difference from prostheses controlled by the muscles of the stump.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/8FTpPJUS344vq-7MXze3HYTc7IYa0bkip4cSWCMVi3OnATojm9h_ML_QDCbmRxhukGjpGs7lMX5yl5gwuQsBDy_FYIEwetsKtqbGViYgxkvEGlYdhOA4DAB8Ah6VAvITg0KOmXo_8yea6uxmR2hKug\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Smart prosthetic arm &#8211; concept design<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The cyber-arm <strong>is controlled<\/strong> not by the muscles of the stump, but <strong>by the brain<\/strong> . <strong>A microchip<\/strong> is implanted in the brain, <strong>registers<\/strong> signals coming from <strong>neurons<\/strong> , and then transmits them to an artificial limb.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/QktMTRmSR3UB9-GrgIXqmHLuWvFi3kK4aJje9SCjs4VJDR1PfZJLthlNWBevg7VTN6SgKY7Qf6DOZrv6zXFqelI4zA3r_hbugGUQkrjtGbY13892O6GoGyxjBd0GU9Wbz99CwFbpIv-i63cWHbsq4g\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand&#10;\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>Chip<\/strong> : the movements are so accurate that you can <strong>play<\/strong> musical <strong>instruments<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<p>Work is underway on <strong>the feedback<\/strong> of the cybernetic hand so that it not only <strong>receives<\/strong> brain signals, but also <strong>transmits<\/strong> tactile sensations.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/r3JY4u7R8wwBOanrKMKd7GtrnEPsJfQtxbbqe1lMyYmZaXNyP_OGLMNRaibdo2gyRzdHY599n6h2IptN536lD1WOI_FZA63bAmMY_0Yq6Ordz0ZDLi9iUZv-Kuu1298qjjt3bv3QZ2vmvOgEDlG7WA\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand that regulates the grip\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Special pressure <strong>sensors<\/strong> embedded in <strong>the fingertips<\/strong> allow the cybernetic hand to measure the force <strong>of pressure<\/strong> or <strong>squeezing<\/strong> on an object. These signals are then transmitted to the human <strong>brain<\/strong> as vibro-tactile stimulation.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/10uVXCG2xvUMsJnC1uizSvgIKOideEnypQI6MOyE9K1QHRLah0oqjbjfDQhxxNoelgChD346m2IGqzu3zFAsIqJr4IhGg75lvK4A1KjY34JXnNepPhQlzqK4DDYXD6dsCyFhQd8mmkzLWBHmCQVoLw\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic arm with sensors\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Cyber \u200b\u200bprosthesis fingertips capture the feel of products<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p><strong>The sensor<\/strong> gives prosthetic hands a sense <strong>of touch<\/strong> . For example, the SynTouch Biotac sensor can detect <strong>temperature<\/strong> , <strong>pressure<\/strong> , and <strong>vibration<\/strong> just like a human fingertip. It is equipped with artificial <strong>fingerprints<\/strong> to enhance the sensitivity.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/A8hkElpXEQH0UNM3__4lhQMClIpAlotqzDmbA63AQo3zqm0IUM5K1Uq1BOXstRiPPKa_sj31UB8mCRawmo3ywbZWepp1sw5jSWaRzDa7zC64Lg2mjlejxYi8oh5FIvR2pr6b71oUh6_A7LEVTlpfgg\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic arm with sensors\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Electronic &#8220;smart fingertips&#8221;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The trick: <strong>Sensors<\/strong> can tell the difference between <strong>materials<\/strong> better than blindfolded people because they use <strong>15<\/strong> factors to evaluate a material: <strong>smoothness<\/strong> , friction, and <strong>thermal<\/strong> properties.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/3Oi7ba4V2uBi2xZbZH12Fz3ACC_a7_jmU5TE3MgwzJEPkq6reitL5UnkB_Vx5PEjurWe6l6mu1PslXYPS2JHkK4n0UL5KZJd7UoMciF4_USAJtnBpymwq6M5DRn-v0rsyUC_Bk1mqzbTxzFmxKTv-g\" alt=\"Polymer skin  \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Polymer skin perceives simultaneously pressure, temperature and sound<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The control signal is transmitted to <strong>the pads<\/strong> of the bionic fingers using <strong>an electrode<\/strong> connected to the nervous system. <strong>Tactile<\/strong> communication is implemented by transmitting a signal from <strong>a cyberprosthesis<\/strong> back to <strong>the nervous<\/strong> system.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/Qu3xm6uQHskUP7yiYIDuI8E2LPEb_MSBT5ZdU4-5ARr5fFyccnJyrYdJq2bQ8jaia7z26coUjjbzrF9lZoP5vosFBqe1sv2gudiQxk8MtMERsnH5QGGzVxTgFQJlBBjAax24YajMaWOTfapRDQTRMg\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand can write  \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Elumotion robotic arm<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Feature: fine <strong>motor skills<\/strong> , a person controls each finger and &#8220;feels&#8221; it. The cyber arm has <strong>9<\/strong> degrees of freedom, weight <strong>740 g<\/strong> . All manual <strong>drives<\/strong> are located <strong>inside<\/strong> , so there are no problems with the transmission. The servomotors are equipped with a precision <strong>gear<\/strong> with encoders for precise <strong>positioning<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43A;&#x438;&#x431;&#x435;&#x440;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x442;&#x435;&#x437;-&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x438;\"><strong>Cyberprosthetic leg<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Designing prosthetic <strong>legs<\/strong> differs from designing arms in that the mechanics <strong>are simpler<\/strong> , there is no fine motor skills, and the emphasis is on proper <strong>loading<\/strong> and <strong>kinematics<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/NymTjAOThNcBdNkO_T4jTU6IZDM281QPg4DJc_7uLLNtf9bht-1w6u2WuFOKp9voAkmMlmMgHcYlTRZuJzytVmuafqqFgykCRcso5ekEEAy4MneAHebU2-3B-I3-TkAKVi9iDEDRLkPYZCstku31VQ\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic leg&#10;\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en?p=25174&amp;nowprocket=1\">Why bionic leg prostheses are more interesting than mechanical ones: industrial design<\/a><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/XbNqXcV_MIPqCwAkHc_qId3g4f3O_QzqeO14vCQZh_QQ3mAplJgqq2-OXACiboAnBn-pf8FVOqgyWE2V6eW91Gnf64AmXH9aMryDOgKss60ue7s0rIqCGxEU6AwbGrnr-VbeyVsx-28JXpXfOUKkAA\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic leg\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>From an engineering point of view, cyberprosthetic legs are easier to create because <strong>there is no need<\/strong> to mimic the exact <strong>movements of the fingers<\/strong> . The difficulty is different: effective <strong>depreciation<\/strong> is required, otherwise, when walking <strong>fast<\/strong> , a person will <strong>stagger<\/strong> a lot.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/1FQQ-FbLNarAptXK792x0Qjgj4OLK04OFUTfhChsLpqBm3yLqUDEGdF9JFYs-u4nLJMLxzCtv6o9U9NXCWofsVcwL2NkiPOzIFuflOHJW9D3TzHTqBTf_6bAh3HtT2w1RObSCRiPJ9rmFRPHYXh7kw\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic leg\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>This is a cyber leg created at the American Vanderbilt University. Many <strong>sensors<\/strong> determine <strong>the position<\/strong> of the leg in space, and many <strong>motors<\/strong> begin <strong>to move<\/strong> artificial joints in response, so a person easily <strong>sits down<\/strong> and <strong>rises<\/strong> . Such a cyberprosthetic leg weighs <strong>4 kg<\/strong> . <strong>The charge<\/strong> is enough for <strong>half a week<\/strong> in quiet mode, or for an intensive walk of <strong>10.5 km<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<p>Chip: the muscle drive runs on <strong>monopropellant<\/strong> , as it is <strong>more powerful<\/strong> and weighs less than <strong>an electric motor<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/ioEOwCGiCnKuqNjpQiXxj-tTuErW0IUwgiUHRyw1b7UpdCb3ypUyZNSPE0Gfjt-1ZAhY78w1NkWm59b-pVRFXl3GMmRREkZxom5z-heSFeozhYKTgipuQyw6iG93xZF6ln6XJi1vFGQcTZxqOLyCOQ\" alt=\"Professor Hugh Herr\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>The Power Foot, <strong>a cyberprosthesis<\/strong> that mimics <strong>the pressure<\/strong> of a leg, was created by MIT professor Hugh Herr. Herr leads biomechatronics <strong>research<\/strong> and develops wearable <strong>robotics<\/strong> <strong>himself<\/strong> . His opinion is that the concept of disability <strong>is becoming obsolete<\/strong> as the line between <strong>humans<\/strong> and <strong>robots<\/strong> <strong>blurs<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/INThTc6--jgDGeca0Xg0bisXAKsxcnVmk3HbNMLf3R6DBEcAAi7g1e7MymgkCVdSVnF31-aB_hxyocvf11OSk7UxZLieI6NSmxe57mM7ljKXRfXBj7vPNGHDkPsAkXnn5Kp30Epm2A4uE-iNKF3nBg\" alt=\"Professor Hugh Herr\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>The professor <strong>develops<\/strong> designs that <strong>integrate<\/strong> with <strong>neural networks<\/strong> . He analyzes human movement, studies how <strong>electronic<\/strong> devices interact with <strong>the nervous<\/strong> system through a neural interface, and also uses living muscles to <strong>activate<\/strong> them.<\/p>\n\n<p>Herr and his team have developed functional and comfortable prostheses that <strong>respond<\/strong> to subtle commands <strong>from neurons<\/strong> . For example, an artificial <strong>knee<\/strong> that <strong>adapts<\/strong> to a person&#8217;s <strong>gait<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x44B;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x438;&#x43C;\"><strong>Let&#8217;s summarize<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p><strong>Cybernetic<\/strong> prostheses are hybrids <strong>of mind<\/strong> and <strong>electronics<\/strong> that control <strong>the signals<\/strong> coming from <strong>the brain<\/strong> with a high level of transmission. We are working to ensure that <strong>the control<\/strong> of the prosthesis is <strong>intuitive<\/strong> , and the gadget feels like <strong>its own<\/strong> body.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/f85Ad4b30vwzcIXAOswkznUfg19JjukUVAsdpYBQkq1O2D_Lt2pS302odlzoX7UAsNoyvgP7HIWsIYwdruD0yrJT4FvqZVDvyQO9D3JnBWXR_j0m83pOv2AqPxnPtvW1Y88-vA8kJ6Yt4rnU7BH5NQ\" alt=\"Cyberprosthetic hand\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<p>Order a cyber prosthesis from the <strong>KLONA<\/strong> industrial design studio, and we <a href=\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/uslugi\/electronics-development\">will design<\/a> a reliable <strong>electronic<\/strong> <strong>device<\/strong> <strong>that<\/strong> <strong>will bring<\/strong> your idea to life.<strong> <\/strong>Our developers will provide a comfortable <strong>fusion<\/strong> of a person and a prosthesis, as a result, a cybernetic limb will <strong>respond<\/strong> to <strong>brain<\/strong> signals at the same speed as <strong>a living one<\/strong> .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Why is a cyber prosthesis called a hybrid of mind and electronics? How does a person manage it? We understand what a neural interface is and how feedback is implemented. Cybernetic Prosthesis: Industrial Design.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":52,"featured_media":25627,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[737],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industrial-design"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v18.6 (Yoast SEO v23.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cyber \u200b\u200bprosthesis interacting with the body through a neural interface: industrial design<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A cyberprosthesis is a hybrid of mind and electronics. How to manage it? Understanding what a neural interface is. 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Cybernetic Prosthesis: Industrial Design.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KLONA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/klona3D\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-29T16:24:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-20T10:58:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cyber-prosthesis-49_39_11zon.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"564\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Irina Ryabeva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Irina Ryabeva\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Irina Ryabeva\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/a10f1fc97ee60e1bab20f29d22139d39\"},\"headline\":\"Cyber \u200b\u200bprosthesis interacting with the body through a neural interface: industrial design\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-29T16:24:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-20T10:58:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design\"},\"wordCount\":2210,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cyber-prosthesis-49_39_11zon.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Industrial Design\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design#respond\"]}],\"accessibilityFeature\":[\"tableOfContents\"]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design\",\"name\":\"Cyber \u200b\u200bprosthesis interacting with the body through a neural interface: industrial design\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/en\/blog\/industrial-design\/cyber-prosthesis-interacting-with-the-body-through-a-neural-interface-industrial-design#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/klona.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/cyber-prosthesis-49_39_11zon.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-29T16:24:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-09-20T10:58:13+00:00\",\"description\":\"A cyberprosthesis is a hybrid of mind and electronics. 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